Types of Cofferdams
A cofferdam is a structure that retains water and soil that allows the enclosed area to be pumped out and excavated dry. Cofferdams are commonly used for construction of bridge …
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Function and Types of Abutments
The end supports of a bridge superstructure are known as abutments. Abutments are built either with brick masonry, stone masonry, mass concrete, precast concrete blocks or RCC. The top surface …
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Purpose of Cavity Walls
The cavity walls are provided for following purposes: Damp Prevention: Cavity walls eliminate the penetration of moisture from outer leaf to the inner leaf and thus help keep inside of …
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Common Instrumental Errors in Linear Measurement in Surveying
Length other than standard Tape manufacturers do not guarantee 100 ft steel tapes to be exactly 100.00 ft. An error due to the incorrect length occurs every time the tape …
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Why Crank Bars or Bent-up Bars are Provided in Slabs
To resist Hogging (Negative Bending Moment) at supports. To counter the risk of the failure of the slabs. To encounter the shear force. The shear force is always greater in …
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Precast Concrete Piles
Advantages: Stable in squeezing ground, for example, soft clay, silts and peat pile material can be inspected before piling. Are easy to splice. Relatively inexpensive. Can be driven in long …
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Requirements and Types of a Roof
It may be defined as the uppermost part of the building, provided as a structural covering, to protect the building from weather. Structurally, a roof is constructed in the same …
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M Sand vs River Sand Comparison
M Sand (Manufactured Sand) River Sand Manufactured in factory. Naturally available on river banks. Angular and has rougher texture. Angular aggregates demands more water. Water demand can be compensated with …
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