Advantages of Using Total Stations
The following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the conventional surveying instruments: 1. Field work is carried out very fast. 2. Accuracy of measurement is …
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Types of Measuring Tapes in Surveying
Types of measuring tapes in surveying are 1. Cloth or linen tape 2. Metric steel tape 3. Invar tape 4. Synthetic tape 1. Cloth or linen tape Used for subsidiary …
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Methods of Levelling in Surveying
Three principle methods are used for determining differences in elevation, namely, Barometric levelling Trigonometric levelling and Spirit levelling Barometric levelling Barometric levelling makes use of the phenomenon that difference in …
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Types of Surveying Chains
Types of Surveying Chains Metric chains Steel band or Band chain Gunter’s chain or surveyors chain Engineers chain Revenue chain 1. Metric Chain: Metric chains are made in lengths 20m …
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Importance of Surveying to Civil Engineers
Surveying, the first step of starting a new civil engineering project, is a very important branch of civil engineering. To understand the techniques of surveying a student must carefully study …
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Mine Surveying
The general and basic principles of underground surveys meant for mines and tunnel setting out are almost the same as for surface except for the fact that the conditions under …
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Hydrographic Surveying
Hydrographic survey is that branch of surveying which deals with the measurement of bodies of water. It is the art of delineating the submarine levels, contours and features of seas, …
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Uses of Contour Maps
A contour line is a imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation. Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of several points …
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