Requirements of Structural Detailing
Simple for fabrication and placing The crack width must be within acceptable limits under service conditions. There should not be any free path for the propagation of the cracks without …
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Types of Cofferdams
A cofferdam is a structure that retains water and soil that allows the enclosed area to be pumped out and excavated dry. Cofferdams are commonly used for construction of bridge …
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Function and Types of Abutments
The end supports of a bridge superstructure are known as abutments. Abutments are built either with brick masonry, stone masonry, mass concrete, precast concrete blocks or RCC. The top surface …
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Factors Affecting Shrinkage of Concrete
Humidity (Drying Condition) Water Cement Ratio Hardness of Aggregates Moisture Movement in Concrete Type of Coarse Aggregates Shape of Aggregates Other factors that have an effect on the magnitude of …
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Purpose of Cavity Walls
The cavity walls are provided for following purposes: Damp Prevention: Cavity walls eliminate the penetration of moisture from outer leaf to the inner leaf and thus help keep inside of …
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Common Instrumental Errors in Linear Measurement in Surveying
Length other than standard Tape manufacturers do not guarantee 100 ft steel tapes to be exactly 100.00 ft. An error due to the incorrect length occurs every time the tape …
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Why Crank Bars or Bent-up Bars are Provided in Slabs
To resist Hogging (Negative Bending Moment) at supports. To counter the risk of the failure of the slabs. To encounter the shear force. The shear force is always greater in …
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Difference between Dowel Bars and Tie Bars
Dowel Bars Tie Bars Placed across transverse joints at the mid-depth of the slab. Placed across longitudinal joints at the mid-depth of the slab. Transfer load from one slab to …
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