How to check brick quality at Site
Best bricks should have the following characteristics: Uniform Shape, Size, and Colour Low-quality bricks not only affect the load bearing capacity of the wall but also the aesthetic appearance. It …
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Concrete Staining Procedure
The concrete staining process is moderately difficult, affordable, and may take up to two days. The following are the steps involved in concrete straining: Preparation of Concrete Surface Irrespective of …
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Requirements of Structural Detailing
Simple for fabrication and placing The crack width must be within acceptable limits under service conditions. There should not be any free path for the propagation of the cracks without …
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Types of Cofferdams
A cofferdam is a structure that retains water and soil that allows the enclosed area to be pumped out and excavated dry. Cofferdams are commonly used for construction of bridge …
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Function and Types of Abutments
The end supports of a bridge superstructure are known as abutments. Abutments are built either with brick masonry, stone masonry, mass concrete, precast concrete blocks or RCC. The top surface …
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Factors Affecting Shrinkage of Concrete
Humidity (Drying Condition) Water Cement Ratio Hardness of Aggregates Moisture Movement in Concrete Type of Coarse Aggregates Shape of Aggregates Other factors that have an effect on the magnitude of …
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Purpose of Cavity Walls
The cavity walls are provided for following purposes: Damp Prevention: Cavity walls eliminate the penetration of moisture from outer leaf to the inner leaf and thus help keep inside of …
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Common Instrumental Errors in Linear Measurement in Surveying
Length other than standard Tape manufacturers do not guarantee 100 ft steel tapes to be exactly 100.00 ft. An error due to the incorrect length occurs every time the tape …
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