- Heavy dead weight and very stiff buildings, attracting large seismic inertia forces.
- Very low tensile and shear strength, particularly with poor mortars.
- Brittle behaviour in tension as well as compression.
- Weak connection between wall and wall & roof and wall.
- Stress concentration at corners of doors and windows.
- Overall un symmetry in plan and elevation of the building
- Un symmetry due to imbalance in the sizes and positions of openings in the wall.
- Defects in construction, such as use of sub standard materials, unfilled joints between bricks.