Civil Engineering Knowledge
Surveying is classified by Plane surveying Geodetic surveying Plane surveying For small projects covering Area less than 195 sq.km. Earth curvature is not counted for in distances. Earth surface is …
Classification of Surveying Read More
Plane surveying Plane surveying is the process of surveying by assuming that the earth is flat. Which mean the curvature or spherical shape of the earth is not considered in …
Difference Between Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying Read More
Natural Errors These are caused due to variations in nature i.e., variations in wind, temperature, humidity, refraction, gravity and magnetic field of the earth. Instrumental Errors These result from imperfection …
Sources of Errors in Surveying Measurement Read More
Definition of Surveying The art and science of making such measurements as are necessary to determine the relative position of points above, on, or beneath the surface of the earth, …
Basics of Surveying in Civil Engineering Read More