Civil Engineering Knowledge
Land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them, commonly practiced by licensed surveyors, …
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Landowners are typically informed that a boundary survey is required by their local planning board or building officials in their town when they are looking to build or for approval …
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The following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the conventional surveying instruments: 1. Field work is carried out very fast. 2. Accuracy of measurement is …
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Types of measuring tapes in surveying are 1. Cloth or linen tape 2. Metric steel tape 3. Invar tape 4. Synthetic tape 1. Cloth or linen tape Used for subsidiary …
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Three principle methods are used for determining differences in elevation, namely, Barometric levelling Trigonometric levelling and Spirit levelling Barometric levelling Barometric levelling makes use of the phenomenon that difference in …
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Types of Surveying Chains Metric chains Steel band or Band chain Gunter’s chain or surveyors chain Engineers chain Revenue chain 1. Metric Chain: Metric chains are made in lengths 20m …
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Surveying, the first step of starting a new civil engineering project, is a very important branch of civil engineering. To understand the techniques of surveying a student must carefully study …
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The general and basic principles of underground surveys meant for mines and tunnel setting out are almost the same as for surface except for the fact that the conditions under …
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